Usinas nucleares (KTA, IEEE)
Usinas nucleares geram energia elétrica a partir do calor produzido pela fissão nuclear. De forma geral, são compostas por duas áreas principais: a parte nuclear, em que o calor é gerado pela fissão nuclear, e a parte convencional, onde esse calor é convertido em eletricidade.
O principal objetivo das baterias em usinas ou instalações nucleares é garantir a segurança do sistema em caso de acidente. Elas fornecem energia para as bombas de refrigeração e lubrificação, permitindo que as massas rotativas, como geradores e bombas, continuem girando até atingirem uma temperatura segura de resfriamento. Isso evita que os rotores, que são pesados, se deformem quando aquecidos, tornando-se inutilizáveis. Uma frenagem brusca quando os rotores estão quentes também pode causar a deformação e o desbalanceamento.
Durante a operação, as turbinas e os geradores funcionam a velocidades muito altas e aquecem consideravelmente. Um sistema de refrigeração confiável garante o funcionamento das turbinas em condições normais. Em caso de mau funcionamento, as baterias estacionárias asseguram o fornecimento contínuo de energia aos componentes eletrônicos de potência, permitindo que as massas rotativas podem ser levadas a um estado seguro e continuem recebendo lubrificação até a parada completa.
As baterias também são essenciais para assegurar o funcionamento das unidades de resfriamento dos elementos combustíveis, evitando superaquecimentos e possíveis acidentes de maior gravidade (.
Além disso, válvulas responsáveis pelo controle do fornecimento de combustível, ventilação e exaustão precisam continuar operando mesmo em situações de emergência. Esse funcionamento é garantido por sistemas UPS (no-break) e sistemas de corrente contínua (CC) suportados por baterias estacionárias.
Batteries are also used to ensure the function of the cooling units for the fuel elements so that they do not overheat and cause a so-called MCA (maximum credible accident).
Valves are also used to regulate the supply lines for the fuel and for the necessary ventilation and exhaust systems, which can still be opened or closed in an emergency. UPS systems equipped with stationary batteries or DC supplies ensure this.
In the case of nuclear power plants and nuclear facilities, there is the additional factor that the areas in which radiation can occur or be caused are subject to significantly higher safety requirements compared to conventional facilities. Batteries used in nuclear facilities, like the manufacturers of these products, must be qualified according to special requirements. These requirements are specified accordingly in the KTA (Germany) or the IEEE (international).
Within the scope of these qualifications, the product series undergo special ageing processes and are subsequently tested for their functionality in a seismic event (earthquake) together with the battery frame. In these tests, the artificially aged batteries must prove their one hundred percent availability before and after an earthquake.
In nuclear power plants and nuclear facilities, stationary lead batteries of vented and partially sealed design are usually used. The system voltages for batteries in nuclear power plants range from 24 to 384 volts, while the bridging times in modern power plants are usually 0.5 to 72 hours. For downtimes beyond this, diesel-powered emergency generators are installed in the power plants, which are often started with compressed air.
To meet the extremely high requirements, the HOPPECKE product portfolio offers batteries that are approved for use in nuclear power stations / plants and certified according to KTA or IEEE.
The classic battery for nuclear plants is the grid | power V X (GroE) series. The GroE is the vented lead-acid battery with the highest current capacity. Thanks to its positive pure lead electrodes, it has a very long service life of up to 25 years. Today, HOPPECKE is the only manufacturer in Europe whose GroE series is qualified for nuclear installations.
The grid | power V M series can supply large amounts of energy due to its grid plate design. The two series grid | power V X and grid | power V M supply the high currents required in nuclear power plants at short notice and are therefore ideally suited for this application.
If power supplies with longer bridging times are required, the grid | power V L (OPzS) series is ideal. This battery is suitable for long-term discharges with low currents. The pocketed positive plate of this series offers you the advantages of availability and very good service life.
By using the HOPPECKE grid | AquaGen pro recombination system, the systems can become maintenance-free according to DIN. By using these plugs, the ventilation required in the battery room is reduced to 50% in accordance with IEC 62485-2 and the electrolyte loss is minimised by approx. 98%. This allows you to optimise and reduce maintenance and service costs.
In the field of sealed lead-acid batteries, we recommend the grid | power VR L (OPzV) and grid | power VR M series. Depending on the requirements of the load profile, you can select the optimum for your power plant from these series. Both very low-maintenance battery systems can be used flexibly, as both vertical and horizontal installation is possible.
Our know-how is based on more than 90 years of experience. We are the experts for energy storage solutions and understand you and your requirements. Thanks to our many years of cooperation with many customers in your industry, we can also offer you the optimal system.
